From rifting to oceanization in the Gulf of Aden: Insights from 2D numerical models

We investigate the evolution of Gulf Aden from rift initiation to development active oceanic spreading center by means 2D thermo-mechanical numerical models, in which formation crust and serpentinite due hydration uprising mantle peridotite has been implemented. Our analysis highlights that models is characterized four main tectonic phases: a) a first phase (phase I) low deformation rates throughout divergent crustal blocks, except near future ridge where high velocity gradient generates an intense strain rates; b) second II) during undergoes intense, stable widespread strain, with localization thinning ends into breakup c) third III) characterizes post- mechanical relaxation system continuum decreasing rate can be observed, until occurrence lithospheric breakup, d) fourth IV) lasts up end two continental blocks move rigidly. also find timing serpentinization not affected initial thermal configuration lithosphere, but relationship thickness observed. Rather, partial melting strongly depends on conditions both lithosphere crust. constrain at 40 150 km, respectively, considering occurs 20 Myr after onset extension for 0.05% percentage (in agreement magma-poor margins). Finally, model prediction supports hypothesis developed as slow passive thin thick variation features along margins could related lateral amount H2O mantle, determines different melting.